This article mainly discusses ordinary motors, geared motors, stepping motors, servo motors for servos, which refer to DC motors, which are commonly used by DCs. The knowledge of the motor is very deep. This article is just for beginners to talk about the various motors commonly used in making robots.
A motor, commonly known as a "motor", refers to an electromagnetic device that converts or transmits electrical energy in accordance with the law of electromagnetic induction. The motor is also called (commonly known as a motor) and is represented by the letter "M" (the old standard is "D") in the circuit. Its main function is to generate drive torque. As a power source for electrical appliances or various machines, the generator is represented by the letter "G" in the circuit.
Ordinary motor
The ordinary motor is the motor that we have more time, electric toys, razors, etc. This kind of motor has the characteristics of too fast speed and too small torque. Generally, there are only two pins. When the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected, the two pins will turn up, and then the battery will be connected to the positive and negative poles. The motor on the pin will also reverse.
Ordinary motor on a toy car
Geared motor
The geared motor is an ordinary motor with a speed reducer, which reduces the speed and increases the torque, making the ordinary motor have a wider use of space.
Micro gear reducer
Stepper motor
A stepping motor is an open-loop control element stepping motor that converts an electrical pulse signal into an angular displacement or a linear displacement. In the case of non-overload, the speed and stop position of the motor depend only on the frequency of the pulse signal and the number of pulses, and are not affected by the load change. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor. The set direction is rotated by a fixed angle called the "step angle" whose rotation is performed step by step at a fixed angle. The angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning. At the same time, the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, thereby achieving the purpose of speed regulation.
Stepper motor
Steering gear
The steering gear is mainly composed of a casing, a circuit board, a coreless motor, a gear and a position detector. The working principle is that the receiver sends a signal to the steering gear, judges the direction of rotation via the IC on the circuit board, drives the coreless motor to start rotating, transmits the power to the swing arm through the reduction gear, and sends back the signal by the position detector. , to determine whether the positioning has been reached. The position detector is actually a variable resistor. When the servo is turned, the resistance value will change. By detecting the resistance value, the angle of rotation can be known.
The specifications of the servos provided by the manufacturer include basic dimensions (mm), torque (kg/cm), speed (seconds/60°), test voltage (V) and weight (g). The unit of torque is kg/cm, which means that a few kilograms of objects can be lifted at a length of 1 cm. This is the concept of the arm, so the longer the arm length, the smaller the torque. The unit of speed is sec/60°, which means the time required for the servo to rotate 60°.
A servo motor, also known as an actuator motor, is used as an actuator in an automatic control system to convert an electrical signal received into an angular displacement or angular velocity output on a motor shaft. Divided into two major categories of DC and AC servo motor, its main feature is that when the signal voltage is zero, there is no rotation phenomenon, and the rotation speed decreases uniformly with the increase of torque.
servo motor
The servo is mainly positioned by pulse. It can be basically understood that when the servo motor receives one pulse, it will rotate the angle corresponding to one pulse to realize the displacement. Because the servo motor itself has the function of emitting pulses, the servo motor has every When an angle is rotated, a corresponding number of pulses are emitted, so that the pulse received by the servo motor forms an echo, or a closed loop, so that the system knows how many pulses are sent to the servo motor, and how many pulses are received at the same time. In this way, the rotation of the motor can be controlled very accurately, so that accurate positioning can be achieved, which can reach 0.001 mm.
DC servo motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors. The brush motor has low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed regulation range, easy control, maintenance, but inconvenient maintenance (replacement of carbon brushes), electromagnetic interference, and environmental requirements. It can therefore be used in cost-sensitive general industrial and residential applications.
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