The promotion and use of smart meters is a vital project that benefits the public. It has significantly improved the electricity consumption conditions for rural residents and enhanced the automation level of the distribution network, playing a crucial role in reducing energy consumption. The system is built around the 80C51 single-chip microcontroller, supplemented by an energy metering chip (CS5460A), an LCD display (1602), a Wi-Fi communication module, and an SD memory card. These components work together to enable functions such as energy measurement, data display, wireless communication, and data storage. Users can choose to view either their current power usage or historical consumption through the buttons on the device.
With the advancement of computer and communication technologies, the level of building intelligence continues to rise. An intelligent meter reading system is essential for smart buildings. However, in China, many households still rely on manual meter readings, which are inefficient, time-consuming, and prone to errors. This method not only wastes resources but also disrupts residents’ daily lives. To address this issue, a smart meter based on a single-chip microcontroller was developed. By replacing traditional mechanical and electronic circuits with a microcontroller, it becomes easier to integrate calculation and control technologies into an intelligent measuring device. The meter includes a metering circuit, microprocessor, LCD display, real-time clock, communication interface, and power supply, offering features like energy measurement, data processing, real-time monitoring, automatic control, and information exchange.
How does a smart meter work? The hardware design of the smart meter consists of seven key parts: metering, power management, storage, display, button processing, pulse output, and communication. Based on the 80C51 microcontroller, the system incorporates the CS5460A for accurate power measurement and the 1602 LCD for user display. Since the CS5460A measures only instantaneous power, the DS1302 time chip is used to segment time intervals, allowing the meter to display both real-time and historical power consumption. The Wi-Fi communication module enables wireless data transmission, eliminating the need for manual readings and saving time for utility staff. For storage, an SD card is used due to its high capacity and portability. The power supply is external, ensuring stable operation.
In terms of hardware design, the energy metering circuit uses the CS5460A chip, which offers automatic pin mode, internal watchdog timer, power monitor, bidirectional voltage and current measurement, and a serial interface for easy connection to the microcontroller. The Wi-Fi communication module uses the BCM8000, which allows high-speed data transfer and flexible networking. Connecting it to the 80C51 is straightforward, requiring only a few pin connections.
The software design includes data transmission from the CS5460A, LCD display routines, key handling, Wi-Fi communication, DS1302 clock access, and SD card read/write operations. The main program flow and CS5460A block diagram are illustrated in the figures.
In conclusion, the designed smart meter integrates multiple functions, including power measurement, display, data storage, and wireless communication. Testing confirmed its stability, accuracy, and reliable wireless connectivity. However, future improvements could focus on enhancing fault self-diagnosis capabilities to make the system even more robust and user-friendly.
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