The selection of the Siemens S7-300 PLC is based on the specific functional and capacity requirements of the production process, while also considering ease of maintenance, availability of spare parts, system expandability, and the presence of special functions. This ensures a reliable and efficient control solution. In this article, we will introduce key aspects of using the Siemens S7-300 PLC, particularly in the context of the Aichi Mall Xiaobian project.
**(1) Anti-interference Measures**
Electrical noise from power lines can lead to voltage distortion, causing overvoltage, overload, overheating, or even component failure in the system, which may result in malfunctions of the PLC and other control devices. To prevent this, it is recommended to install anti-interference equipment such as shielded transformers or power filters at the power inlet. The grounding of the power filter should be connected directly to the central protective ground using the shortest possible wire. For DC power supplies, adding a differential capacitor can help suppress interference effectively.
**(2) Protective Grounding**
The protective grounding of the switchboard should use a copper wire with a cross-sectional area of at least 10 mm². Adjacent control cabinets must maintain good electrical contact and be reliably grounded. Additionally, lightning protection measures are essential. Shielded cables are typically used for bus communication, with the shielding layer grounded at both ends. For analog signal cables, a dual-shielded cable is recommended, with the outer shield grounded at both ends. To prevent inductive lightning from entering the system, a surge absorber can be installed.
**(3) Signal Shielding**
Proper signal shielding is crucial for maintaining signal integrity. Shielded cables are commonly used for transmitting analog signals. When multiple analog cables share a multi-core shielded cable or when two separate shielded cables are used, each signal must be properly shielded. It is important that the shield of the cable is reliably grounded at one end—typically at the control cabinet side—to prevent noise and interference.
**(4) Soft Button Solutions**
When hard-point configuration is not feasible or unavailable on-site, soft buttons on the operator interface can be used to handle selection or control mode changes. This provides a flexible and efficient alternative. Additionally, it's advisable to connect signal lines directly to inverters, smart meters, or other devices to minimize potential interference and improve system reliability.
**(5) Optimal PLC Environment**
To enhance the system’s immunity to interference, the PLC environment should be carefully configured. The PLC should be placed away from high-voltage cabinets, high-frequency equipment, power screens, and high-current units. Communication and analog signal cables should not share cable trenches with other equipment. Fluorescent lighting should not be used inside the PLC cabinet. Although the S7-300 is designed for industrial environments, it should still avoid direct vibration, shock, sunlight, oil mist, and moisture. It should also not be placed near corrosive gases, excessive dust, or heat sources. Furthermore, conductive impurities must be prevented from entering the controller to ensure long-term stability and performance.
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