Smart meters are a vital project that brings benefits to the public. They have significantly improved the electricity consumption conditions for rural residents and enhanced the automation of the distribution network, playing a crucial role in reducing energy consumption. The system is built around the 80C51 single-chip microcontroller, with additional components such as the CS5460A energy metering chip, an LCD 1602 display, a Wi-Fi communication module, and an SD memory card. These components work together to enable energy measurement, display, wireless communication, and data storage. Users can choose to view either the current power consumption or the consumption over a specific period using the buttons on the device.
As computer and communication technologies continue to advance, the level of building intelligence is increasing. An intelligent meter reading system has become essential in smart buildings. However, in China, manual meter reading is still commonly used, which not only consumes a lot of human resources but also disrupts residents' daily lives and lacks accuracy. Manual readings cannot be transmitted in real time, leading to inefficiencies. To address this issue, a smart meter based on a single-chip microcontroller was designed. By replacing traditional mechanical and electronic circuits with a microcontroller, it becomes easier to integrate calculation and control technologies, forming a more intelligent measuring instrument.
The smart meter consists of several key parts: a metering circuit, a microprocessor, an LCD display, a real-time clock, a communication interface, and a power supply. It offers features like accurate energy measurement, data storage and processing, real-time monitoring, automatic control, and information exchange.
How does a smart meter work? The hardware design includes seven main components: metering, power management, storage, display, button handling, pulse output, and a communication unit. This particular smart meter is based on the 80C51 microcontroller. Additional components include the CS5460A for energy measurement and the 1602 LCD for user display. Since the CS5460A measures only instantaneous power, a DS1302 time chip is used to track time intervals, allowing the meter to display both real-time and historical power consumption. The Wi-Fi module enables wireless communication, eliminating the need for physical visits by staff. Instead, they can receive data directly through Wi-Fi signals, making the process more efficient and convenient.
For storage, an SD card is used due to its compact size and large capacity. Unlike traditional storage modules, it can be easily removed and replaced, offering greater flexibility. The power supply is external, ensuring stable operation.
In terms of hardware design, the energy metering circuit uses the CS5460A, which features automatic pin mode, an internal watchdog timer, power supply monitoring, and the ability to measure voltage and current values accurately. It also supports bidirectional serial communication and can operate at up to 20 MHz.
The Wi-Fi communication module uses the BCM8000 chip, enabling high-speed data transmission and flexible networking. Connecting it to the 80C51 is straightforward—just connect the RXDH and TXDH pins of the BCM8000 to the TXD and RXD pins of the microcontroller.
On the software side, the smart meter includes programs for data transmission from the CS5460A, LCD display, button handling, Wi-Fi communication, clock chip operations, and SD card management. A flowchart of the main program and a block diagram of the CS5460A are provided for reference.
In conclusion, the smart meter integrates multiple functions such as energy measurement, display, data storage, and communication. Testing confirmed its stability, accuracy, and reliable wireless communication. However, there is room for improvement in fault self-diagnosis, which could be addressed in future designs.
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ShenZhen Puchen Electronics Co., Ltd. , http://www.szpuchen.com