Smart Grid Development and Policy

On March 27, 2014, at the Smart Grid Forum of the China Clean Power Summit 2014 and China International Clean Energy Expo, Mr. Zhang Weidong of the Planning and Statistics Department of China Electricity Council introduced the development and policies of the smart grid. The following is the detailed content.

Zhang Weidong: Delegates: Good morning everyone!

I am very honored and very embarrassed because the guests we have invited today are experts in smart grids, including research institutes or first-line production units in the field of new energy. They have a lot of new achievements and new developments in the work study to share with you. I From the Planning and Research and Statistics Department of the China United Power Management Corporation, we have done some work on smart grids. We are generally superficial and we invite you to participate in this conference. Let us share with you a little experience, where we are talking about the wrong place or the mediocre place. contain.

First of all, I would like to give some comments on what Tao Guangyuan just said. I particularly agree with the two that Tao Zhu said: First, the experience of Germany is very helpful to China. From the perspective of China’s economic field, apart from a larger population and economies of scale, The total amount is larger, other aspects are very similar to Germany, and the industrial structure, energy structure, and power structure all have similarities. Germany is at the forefront of clean energy development, including the development of smart grids. For example, wind power has reached 10%. The installed capacity may be at 30%, plus other clean energy sources. It may be close to 50%. China is probably less than 10%. Germany is ahead of us. He has many problems that he may face in the future. Secondly, with regard to the development of clean energy, the requirements of the smart grid, or the development of clean energy for future energy systems, the most important requirement is the storage or mediation of energy, including abandonment of peaks, in addition to the power system itself, It may have to be extended to the entire energy system. When discussions were made last year about the use of heat storage technology in cogeneration units, this year we talked about loads, such as brewery and even ice storage air conditioners. I think this is very good.

I will talk about the development of smart grids and related policies today. We have done some similar research in the past two years, mainly research. CEC has done two reports on smart grids. The first one was called “Study on Smart Grid Policy”, which was commissioned by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the time; the second was called “Smart Grid Development Research Report”. Overall, we felt that the smart grid This topic is very ambitious. The areas in which the content is also very specific and technical, and it is difficult to grasp the entire development in a comprehensive or very accurate manner.

Over the years, there have been some disputes over the concept of smart grids. From an industry perspective, we have put forward a way of thinking. Generally speaking, the definition is very complicated. Arguably, I think it should be simpler to say and want to cover all aspects and not to say , probably means to cover all the scope with new technologies, to achieve what goals.

Nowadays, the development trend of smart grid construction should be said to be on the rise. Various new ideas, new models, and new technologies have emerged in an endless stream, emerging in various fields, such as Tesla in the electricity sector. These two years have come alive, but there are also many problems. In general, the connection between smart grid technology innovation and new energy development is the closest. If these two areas can be well connected, rely on each other, and promote each other, this has the potential to promote the third energy revolution. The book is called "The Third Industrial Revolution." The author is Jeremy Rifkin. Some of the contents are vague. If the third energy revolution can be achieved, it must rely on smart grid and clean energy as the core support. I mainly talk about the following three aspects:

The development of energy and power is facing the situation. First, the confrontation issue facing Germany is an energy transition. It has shifted from relying on traditional energy and fossils to relying on renewable energy. Our demand is still growing rapidly. Last year, China used 5 trillion kWh of electricity, and in the next 20 years, it may It will reach a level of 10 trillion to 12 trillion, and it must first meet growth. Second, to improve the environment, Beijing has been living in a very painful state in recent days. It has made great demands on the energy industry. Energy definitely contributes a lot to smog. I don’t know how much it is, mainly fossil fuels. combustion. Third, the so-called changes in futures, Copenhagen and Cancun talked for a long time did not talk clearly, this matter is still doing, China is now the biggest driving force is haze, carbon emissions can not be ignored, with the improvement of international status, Do it sooner or later. Fourth, energy security is closely related to energy growth. In the past, we imported oil and gas, and exported coal. Since the first two years, coal has also started to import, natural gas imports have approached 30%, and oil has approached 60%. This is a big problem. . Clean energy or renewable energy is an auxiliary tool to solve this problem. Of course, it will not be obvious in a short time. At least it is an auxiliary tool. These energy sources are all local, and the light, water, and wind are all local. of.

Power Industry Development Outlook. From a development point of view, hydropower still has to develop. The biggest problem is that the quantity is limited, and it will be completed quickly. In about ten years, if China’s hydropower is developed, there will be no more room for it. This is the case with coal. The total amount is very large. Coal combustion causes haze. Development will cause problems such as land destruction and subsidence. Overall, after 2030, coal power basically will not develop anymore. Of course, the needs of the people at that moment were basically met. The future development is mainly to the west. The development of nuclear power has recently been loosened. China cannot afford "3.11". If we run into events like "3.11", we will be very painful. But if we do not develop nuclear power, we will be even more painful. It will be all day long. Living in the fog, the State Council may have to continue to release nuclear power, and nuclear power will continue to develop in the future. The development of natural gas power generation also has room for development. The current problems are more expensive. In addition, resources are limited, and China's natural gas resources are insufficient. If large-scale development is implemented, large amounts of imports will be required, which may be even more expensive. The development of wind power is rapidly developing. The installed capacity in these two years is at the level of 13 million and 12 million. It is estimated that the future will continue. The problem is system problems, grid problems, and when the power grid can not tolerate it. Will come down, but now it is still more optimistic. In 2012, the wind was abandoned by 20%, and last year, it was less than 15%. By taking measures, it is still possible to alleviate the problem of wind curtailment to a certain extent. The challenges in the future will be greater and greater, and the development speed of wind power will increase. Grid expansion scale. Solar power, I personally think that the future is the largest space for imagination, 10 square meters can be installed 1 kilowatt of solar energy, 1 square kilometer can theoretically be installed about 100,000, just a province in the west to hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, installed billions , Billions of dollars can be, involving costs, transportation problems, resources are large, from the development point of view, we must step by step. In the future, China’s energy transition is a long road. If we say that we can achieve our current goal by 2050, the level of non-fossil energy to 60% is basically close to Germany’s current level, and Germany will reach 80% by 2030. We can Follow Germany's development. With regard to the construction of the power grid, the development of the UHV is very constructive, and there are many disputes now. In general, it is still necessary to develop. The path may be somewhat controversial.

With the development of smart grids, the slogan was proposed for three to four years. From the perspective of the effectiveness of development, I feel that I cannot score full marks and have not really improved our lives. We hope to achieve our goal as soon as possible. How should we develop? The power system is very large now, and it is very closely linked. It should be said to be a complex system with a very high degree of automation. On this basis, we further promote its intelligence, design, concept, and application. Inextricably linked, the power company proposed that the concept of a smart grid covers the entire range, and I think there is no big problem. What are the priorities in development? First, large-scale new energy access, mainly wind power and photovoltaic, is random, non-extensible, and sometimes has a large installed capacity, but the total power generation is very small, and it will be a power system. Bringing great challenges. From now on, there are more than 10 million wind power companies in Inner Mongolia and more than 5 million in 5 or 6 provinces. Just now Tao Zhuren talked about many solutions. From the smart grid point of view, it needs to be dispatched, Resolving this problem through forecasting is a relatively cost-effective way. Of course, there is also a way to build more lines and decorate energy storage. The cost is high and it needs to be balanced. It can be solved by various means.

Second, intelligent distribution of power generation and micro-grid technology, this year, the country has established 14 GW of installed capacity, which is very difficult. After January and February, no progress was found, and 8 million distributed systems are very difficult. The larger factory, the whole roof If we get down, we may get thousands of kilowatts. If we get 8 million kilowatts, we will need a lot of effort. The distribution has natural difficulties. It is not a large-scale development that can be developed on a large scale. Anyway, the smart grid There is still a lot of work to do to cope with or promote distributed generation. At present, it has not yet reached a perfect level. There are still some problems in connection, grid connection, metering, voltage control, and so on. Microgrid is also a problem. In order to solve the problem of self-balancing, the micro-grid must resolve its own security and effectively complement and communicate with the big power grid. Now there is some progress, but there is still a distance from perfection. Third, the two-way interaction between users and the grid and smart home appliances technology should be said that this area still has development, and the potential for two-way interaction between the power grid is also great. From the economic point of view, if we now have peaks and valleys, ladder prices, the price will Influencing users, I estimate that they mainly affect large users. They have strong energy-saving and power-saving power. Residents will also use them. As long as they introduce some flexible pricing policies, we will use them. If we live in villas in the future, the electricity consumption may be great. In addition, after the interaction, the smart power platform can be used to control the fixture, including how to open the air conditioner and how to open the water heater. It is an area with imagination. As far as I know, currently very mature and market-oriented products have not yet been introduced. They should be in the bud. Fourthly, smart grid cutting-edge technologies, currently, it is very difficult to achieve breakthroughs, but they cannot be abandoned. Once a breakthrough is achieved, some are subversive, such as nuclear fusion technology. This is very clean and it is endless. Good controllable technologies, as well as energy storage and fuel cell technologies, we want low-cost, large-capacity, which is currently difficult to achieve. Of course, nanotechnology and new materials are not excluded and can be stored at low cost. Energy will have a disruptive effect on the shape of the power system and on the development of clean energy as a whole. Superconductivity is also effective. Some achievements have been made in the development of smart grids, but from the future, there should still be a lot of space.

Regarding related policies, what problems do exist in smart grids these years? Nor do the government not want to solve these problems, but they are very complex and tedious. The government’s manpower and material resources are limited, but we still need to mention: First, strategic planning and top With regard to design, we hope to find a framework soon, but it is difficult to set it down. It is difficult for the government to quickly make a so-called sound plan, but we hope that we should still pay attention and study. The second is the system and mechanism. In this industry, there are a large number of state-owned enterprises, and there is close contact with the government. Many innovations also rely on external forces, including private enterprises. Coordination is very important and needs coordination of industrial alliances and technology alliances. A good mechanism is needed, and more work is needed in this area. The third is to support and encourage policies, wind power has a clear benchmarking price, solar energy has a clear subsidy, this power grid is not particularly strong enough, some people say that power grid companies are state-owned enterprises, should not be subsidized, in general, sometimes speaking The overall profitability is 50 billion yuan a year. I think we can still give some policies. Fourth, it is more difficult for key technologies to achieve substantial breakthroughs, and the economy and commercialization model are uncertain. In this respect, the government still has some work to do. Fifth, the standardization work needs to be further strengthened. Sixth, the rapid development of distributed energy and microgrid faces obstacles. I just talked about technical issues. Actually, there are some problems in policy and management. For power grid companies, it is a natural monopoly industry. I feel that I have done a lot of work, including the introduction of so-called grid-connected specifications, including assistance with design. Many subsidies have already been done and a lot of work has been done. The recognition of users or the distributed energy that we urgently need to develop is not enough, and we must strengthen support.

Relevant policy recommendations: First, speed up the formulation of clear national strategies and plans. Basically, every country will make plans and strategies. From a strategic point of view, these are mentioned in national planning and energy planning. There are no special plans for the development of smart grids, and there are no clear rules. Second, speed up the construction of a smart grid standard system. It is recommended that the country establish a unified and standard smart grid standard lead agency as soon as possible to further promote standardization. Third, decision support and electricity price reforms are mainly based on electricity prices. They have good guidance for the power generation side and the internet side. They are doing a good job now. They must also observe the intensity and give subsidies to the power grid. The most important thing is the sales side. Leading the use of electricity as an important means of promoting clean energy consumption is now relatively inflexible. For instance, in Beijing, for residents, only the ladder price, no peak price, no electricity price, the next step should be bolder, even if the first Pilot and then push. Fourth, financial and taxation policies, the development of clean energy and smart grids, the country’s development direction is very clear, and more support is also reasonable. Of course, there are also degree problems. If you spend too much money, you may make mistakes from a certain technical direction. It will cause waste. Fifth, advance the pilot project. Sixth, to strengthen independent innovation and talent cultivation, we must use technology to promote the further development of the economy so that we can avoid the problems such as resources, environment, and lack of labor that we are now facing. Seventh, coordinate the promotion of industrial chain extension and coordinated development of related industries. CEC is more supportive. Guodian Communications, in cooperation with CEC, is working on the Smart Power Industry Alliance. Recently, there have been some achievements that we can pay attention to. Eighth, coordinate the internationalization of the smart grid industry.

I will introduce it here. Thank you!