As shown in the figure, this is a detection circuit designed to identify whether an object is present or absent. The circuit consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor positioned on opposite sides of the area being monitored. When an object is placed between them, it blocks the light emitted by the LED from reaching the phototransistor.
In this state, the phototransistor does not receive any light, so it remains in a high-resistance state, which causes the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier (IC177) to remain at a low level. However, when the object is removed, the light from the LED directly reaches the phototransistor, causing it to conduct and lower the voltage at the inverting input of the op-amp.
This change in voltage triggers the operational amplifier to output a high-level signal, indicating that the object has been detected or that the path is clear. This type of circuit is commonly used in automated systems for object detection, such as in conveyor belts, security systems, or robotic applications.
The diagram illustrates the basic setup of the circuit, with the LED and phototransistor positioned to form a "light barrier." The op-amp acts as a comparator, converting the change in light intensity into a digital signal. This simple yet effective design allows for real-time object detection with minimal components, making it a popular choice in many industrial and electronic projects.
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