Power factor plays a crucial role in the efficiency of electrical systems. A high power factor ensures better utilization of generated, supplied, and consumed energy, leading to reduced losses, improved voltage quality, and overall energy savings. To enhance the power factor and maintain system balance, various measures are implemented for both users and the broader society, aiming to achieve economic benefits and operational efficiency.
The standard power factor values and their applicable scenarios are as follows:
- Power Factor Standard 0.90: This applies to industrial users (including social industrial users) with high-voltage power supply above 160 kVA, users equipped with load-adjusting voltage devices, and electric power irrigation and drainage stations with a capacity of 320 kVA and above.
- Power Factor Standard 0.85: Suitable for other industrial users (including social industrial users) of 100 kVA and above, non-industrial users of 100 kVA and above, and electric power irrigation and drainage stations with a capacity of 100 kVA (kW) and above.
- Power Factor Standard 0.80: Applicable to agricultural users and sales users with a capacity of 100 kVA (kW) and above. However, large industrial users not directly supplied by the power industry should follow the 0.85 standard.
Power Factor Calculation:
- Users who are subject to power factor adjustments must install a reactive energy meter with an anti-reverse mechanism. The average power factor is calculated based on the monthly active energy and reactive power consumption.
- For peak load periods, some users may be required to install meters that record active and reactive power during these times. The monthly average peak power factor is then calculated. In certain cases, the power factor is evaluated separately for different periods, and specific methods are developed by provincial, municipal, and autonomous regional power bureaus, which are then submitted for trial approval by the Ministry of Water Resources and Power.
Adjustment of Electricity Charges:
Based on the calculated power factor, the electricity bill is adjusted according to the percentage specified in the "Power Factor Adjustment Electricity Meter." If the user's power factor falls between two values, it is rounded off accordingly.
If a user does not require additional compensation equipment and can still meet or approach the required power factor standard, with good voltage quality, they may be allowed to reduce the power factor requirement. However, this must be approved by the provincial, municipal, and autonomous regional power bureaus and reported to the power grid administration for record.
If the actual power factor of a user who has had the standard reduced is higher than the reduced value, no reduction in the electricity bill will be applied. However, if the power factor falls below the reduced standard, the electricity bill will be increased accordingly.
A transformer is an electrical device that is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, called the primary and secondary coils, which are wrapped around a common iron core. When an alternating current is passed through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The voltage in the secondary coil can be stepped up or stepped down depending on the number of turns in each coil. Transformers are used in power transmission and distribution systems to step up the voltage for long-distance transmission and step it down for distribution to homes and businesses. They are also used in electronic devices such as power supplies and audio amplifiers.
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