Some units have not yet established a basic system of outsourcing operations. Although they operate in the form of tenders, they have no appropriate restrictions on prices. The final bid price is low, even exceeding the imagination of the tenderers. “Trina Solar Energy's Liu Chenglei told the Energy magazine’s reporter, “Of course, there are also some SOEs that are more clear and reasonable. †As of the third quarter of 2017, the country’s newly installed photovoltaic capacity has reached 42GW, and the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaics in China reached 77.42GW in 2016, which means that the cumulative installed photovoltaic capacity has reached 119.42G. The stock market of photovoltaic power plants is already very large, and the incremental market is constantly expanding, and from the perspective of power station types, the proportion of photovoltaic ground power stations still occupies an absolute advantage. According to the average annual cost of the terrestrial power station is 0.1 yuan per watt. In addition to the distributed power station for photovoltaic power plants, the ground power station is calculated on the scale of 100 GW. The annual market value of the ground power station reaches 10 billion yuan. At present, the operation and maintenance market of photovoltaic power plants is still in its initial stage, but there are still a lot of players who have entered, autonomous operation and maintenance, third-party operation and maintenance, and so on. Each has its own gameplay. “From the beginning of construction in 2013 to the present stage, the construction of large-scale power plants is ebbing, and many companies have begun to realize that after the establishment of so many power plants, the problem of operation and maintenance has begun to appear. Not only is it a problem of construction, how can it be built? Its use is good, and the outgoing electricity is accepted by the power grid as much as possible, and these problems have begun to appear." Zhou Jun, director of Shanghai Airlines Power Market, told reporters. In fact, there are still many problems in the ground power plant operation and maintenance market, lack of industry standards, uneven operation and maintenance personnel, low-price bidding, and various difficulties in local operation and maintenance, which make the current operation and maintenance market appear so disorganized. . Market size confusion In the eyes of many people in the industry, the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants is a big market. The data also seems to confirm this judgment: By the end of June 2017, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation nationwide had reached 102 million kilowatts, among which photovoltaic power station was 83.43 million kilowatts and distributed photovoltaic 17.43 million kilowatts. Ranked first in the world. If we can obtain a profit of 0.1 yuan per watt per year, only for the existing photovoltaic installations, the relevant operation and maintenance market can reach 10 billion per year, and this figure will continue to rise in the future. However, if we carefully disaggregate this data, we will find that it is far from being as simple as the outside world has imagined. During the investigation, we found that, in terms of inventory, the capacity of the PV operation and maintenance market is far from being as beautiful as the book data. According to a survey conducted by Shanghai Airlines, although China currently has 100 million kilowatts of photovoltaic power stations, the installed capacity has reached the top in the world. However, among these, 70% of the installed capacity belongs to state-owned enterprises such as Wudansixiao and other electric power central enterprises, which are generally maintained by the company's parent company's special operation and maintenance company, and in the remaining 30% of the private enterprise's power stations, there are 7 About 8% of them are power plants invested by equipment manufacturers such as GCL and Jingke. These companies also have a certain capacity for autonomous operation and maintenance. That is to say, at present, nearly 80% of China's PV power is installed, and their markets are not open to the outside world. It belongs to the "non-tradable shares" in the industry. Therefore, this part of the dividends, third-party operation and maintenance companies can hardly enjoy. Under such circumstances, the stock market actually shared by third-party independent markets is only less than 20% of China's existing PV installed capacity. Since the space in the stock market is lower than people's expectations, what is the incremental market? What can be affirmed is that during the foreseeable period, the investment body of China's PV power plants will be more diversified. In addition to the traditional power companies, many financial companies, machinery and equipment companies have also participated. From this perspective, the opportunities for PV operation and maintenance companies seem to be more. However, unlike the previous years, due to the reason of abandoning the light and limiting the power, the competent authorities tightened the investment and construction of photovoltaic power plants in the Three North region. The data shows that in the first half of 2017, the nation’s new installed PV installations appeared Large changes have shifted from the northwest to the central and eastern regions. Among them, newly installed capacity in East China was 8.25 million kilowatts, an increase of 1.5 times year-on-year, accounting for 34% of the country; and newly installed capacity in central China was 4.23 million kilowatts, an increase of 37% year-on-year, accounting for 17.3% of the country. In particular, the development of distributed photovoltaics continued to accelerate. In the first half of the year, the installed capacity of new installations in Zhejiang, Shandong, and Anhui exceeded 1 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of more than twofold. The newly installed capacity of distributed photovoltaics in the three provinces accounted for 54.2% of the country's total. The number of new installations in the Northwest region with more centralized power stations was 4.16 million kilowatts, a year-on-year drop of 50%. It can be seen that the newly installed photovoltaic installations in recent years have mainly come from the central and eastern regions, and a large part of it is distributed photovoltaic installations. According to the results of the survey visits, due to the relatively dispersed distribution and relatively inconvenient management, the interest of operation and maintenance companies in distributed photovoltaics is far less than that of centralized power plants. The benefits brought by the adjustment of power plant investment entities and the negative effect brought by the distribution of power stations are the result of inconsistent opinions on the development of the incremental market for photovoltaic operation and maintenance. In particular, whether the power plant market of state-owned enterprises can be open to the market and change from “non-tradable shares†to “circulating sharesâ€, some people think that with the gradual landing of photovoltaic power projects by power state-owned enterprises, the installed capacity will increase. Some PV operation and maintenance teams are as if they will repair their home appliances and do not have to resort to outside maintenance workers. They can save a great deal of income. Another view is that from a personnel point of view, state-owned enterprises are subject to There is a limitation in staffing, so it may not be possible to form too many own O&M teams in the future. If it is said that the inventory market is lower than expected, the incremental market is still less clear. In terms of unit price, there is also a downward trend in the annual revenue per watt for photovoltaic power plants. In the survey, we found that the revenue per watt per year of the operation and maintenance companies is between 6 cents and 1 cents. At the same time, some companies report that in the bidding process, some manufacturers rely on a large price cut to trigger the industry. Internal disorderly competition not only fails to keep up with related services, but also depresses the profits of the industry to a certain extent, making the plate of the PV operation and maintenance market much lower than market expectations. In fact, the excessive price bidding for photovoltaic operation and maintenance is only the tip of the iceberg in the disorderly development of this field. During the investigation, we discovered that there are actually more problems in the photovoltaic operation and maintenance industry. Operational chaos What kind of operation and maintenance is good luck and what kind of power station is a good power station for operation and maintenance? In the course of the "Energy" reporter's understanding, no one can give a clear evaluation standard. The lack of basic industry standards is currently a common problem, and the operation and maintenance industry is still only staying at the standards of each individual. “Operating and maintaining this piece is still an extensive development, has not really paid attention to the operation and maintenance market, or the later operation and maintenance. The standard of operation and maintenance is relatively still very absent, now from the industry or national standard, There is no good standard,†said Tan Xianming, director of technical services at Guogao Technology Services Co., Ltd. The confusion caused by the absence of industry standards is reflected in many aspects. In the power plant's process control, every company is different now. Because there is no standard for operation and maintenance, or only a similar standard for each enterprise, and a well-managed enterprise, the entire process file is traceable, but some enterprises have all missing files in the entire process. “A lot of operations and maintenance companies are confused. The final result is that as long as this power plant can generate electricity, or if the power generation gap is not particularly large, this matter will happen. However, how does the actual internal control work? In the process of operation and maintenance management, Is it still possible to find room for improvement?†As a third-party operator of the company, Tan Xianming said that in fact, if it is managed well, the electricity that is sent out is the benefit of the company. On the other hand, the standard issue has also infiltrated into the secondary power plant market transactions. Tan Xianming told reporters: “Now when many power stations are sold, or when power stations are acquired, in fact, many people will have similar confusions. Whether the power station is good or not, or how much the power station is worth.†The unification and formulation of standards will greatly help the sale of assets. It is understood that power plant traders are sometimes not all people in the photovoltaic industry, but also a large part of the people's purpose is to do investment, relatively unprofessional. When such a group of people are doing the secondary market trading of the power station, they lack standards and professional organizations to tell them how much money they should pay for the station they are trading, and how long the power station can maintain after investing in the power station. How much benefit. Even if banks want to intervene to do a business and loan at a later stage of the power station, there is no way to turn the power station into a financial product. Such assessments are currently missing. In terms of manpower, as the highest proportion of operation and maintenance costs, it is also the most difficult part of operation and maintenance management. The qualification and staffing of operation and maintenance personnel in the entire industry are still relatively confusing. When entering a business, it is necessary to have a threshold, and there is no clear statement in the operation and maintenance industry that what qualifications must be obtained for photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance. In the aspect of recruitment and operation personnel recruitment, Tan Xianming said that since the time for the development of the new energy industry is not too long, relative personnel needs are still relatively large, so there will certainly be people from other traditional industries. O&M recruitment also intends to recruit some people who are senior in thermal power and hydropower. Photovoltaic power plants are mainly built in some remote areas. There are not only a few scattered power plants and harsh environmental conditions. Relatively speaking, it is difficult to manage underground operation and maintenance personnel. In addition, the professional background of operation and maintenance personnel is relatively messy. With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry in recent years, there is a large demand for personnel, and some company personnel have high security risks in the absence of required certificates or professional training. "In this operation and maintenance market, the entire team still needs to be upgraded. From the perspective of the operation and maintenance team, the team's professionalism, orderliness and standardization all need to be improved." General Manager, Beijing Guorun Tianneng New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Chen Shuming explained to the reporter that if the operation and maintenance team is not professional, it will bring a series of problems. Not only is safety production difficult to guarantee, but the level and effectiveness of the operation and maintenance of the power station are even less able to meet the desired requirements. The lack of professionalism in operation and maintenance technicians is only one of the status quos. Chen Shuming stressed that to improve the level of the entire power plant operation and maintenance industry, efforts must be made to standardize, specialize, and systematize O&M management and improve the overall quality of the management team. "After all, the operation and maintenance of photovoltaics is not the same as the operation and maintenance of traditional inspection lines and the operation and maintenance of transformers." Chen Shuming believes that in order to develop new national energy, it is necessary to have corresponding personnel training and transportation mechanisms, and the relevant new energy specialty can be established. Training institutions, or the establishment of related majors in institutions of higher learning, to make up for the lack of operation and maintenance technology and management personnel in China. In addition, Chen Shuming also mentioned the current low-cost competition in the operation and maintenance industry. He pointed out that some manufacturers in the fight against the market will deliberately press the price of behavior, resulting in low-cost disorderly competition, and ultimately lead to the service can not keep up. Low prices cannot have high-quality services. This is a true status quo to face. If each family can do their own standards, then do they still need an industry-unified standard? Liu Chenglei, general manager of the Trina Solar Power Station operation and maintenance, explained: “Our current operation and maintenance markets are all practical, more than a dozen people, and even two or three people's teams can carry out power station operation and maintenance. The entire market lacks uniform standards and norms.†Liu Chenglei said that with the rapid increase in the number and scale of power plants, the operation and maintenance management, production safety management, and power generation efficiency management have presented complex individualization and chaos. The consensus that the operation and maintenance market needs to be unified has become a consensus. Forward direction Despite all kinds of problems, the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants will undoubtedly become more and more important over time. In the course of the investigation by the reporter, a number of operation and maintenance companies stated that the next step in the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants is to do more work on reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Operation and maintenance is a matter of relatively high production at a relatively low cost. . “The big difference between this and the property is that the property is only managed and there are no production tasks. The operation and maintenance is not only about management, but also the production of electricity. It means that only one side will reduce its own operating costs and increase production. The output is the way of survival in the future." Zhou Jun said, "now more and more people realize that this is not just a housekeeping job, and many companies think that operation and maintenance are just housekeeping, and they must be aware that production is also It is very important that the power generation of two different power plants is quite different. Even if you want to sell a good price in the secondary market, this is a big test for operation and maintenance. You are not only a housekeeper, but also a production manager. ." Operation and maintenance is a systematic project, especially in the two aspects of technology and management must be upgraded. From the trend of these two aspects of the cost is bound to be reduced, otherwise it will lose its competitiveness. “Any industry has just begun to invest less finely, and some of the money has spent a little more. However, the scale is relatively large, especially with the increase of the photovoltaic operation and maintenance market in the later period, the cost competition will certainly become increasingly fierce. If you do not reduce costs, there will be no competition. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the cost through various means, technologies, and management.†Dongxu said that the blue sky. How can we reduce costs and increase efficiency? Dongxu’s introduction to the blue sky: “We now use cleaning robots. If we introduce robots, we may introduce a new technology at a certain node in the future. This will suddenly increase the cost of our safety production costs, but The cost of post-cleaning will be lower. Of course, we are mainly introducing new technologies to increase the efficiency of power generation. This means that at least we will not need to spend as much money every year to clean the photovoltaic panels. Of course, the frequency of cleaning is also very high." For example, in the area of ​​robots, robots increase the amount of power generated in such a range of 7% to 10%, and at least reduce the cost by a factor of at least 20%. For management optimization, the preliminary estimate can also be reduced to 10% to 20%, but the specific data is still waiting for verification. The introduction of new technologies may result in some changes in the cost of expenditures, while the management is mainly adjusted through business changes. Dongxu’s blue sky mentioned that there have been some preventive and preventive experiments conducted by third-party power companies. As the regulations become larger and larger, the economies of scale have become more prominent, the unit cost has decreased, and the share of this cost in total costs has also increased. The more prominent. "We set up our own maintenance team to allow our own people to obtain appropriate qualifications, and organize their own personnel to do these things. It may be better than entrusting third parties. Of course, the overall cost will also change." Chen Shuming pointed out: "Each new industry will inevitably experience five stages of highlighting, promotion, confusion, orderliness and regulation. At present, the photovoltaic operation and maintenance market is still in its infancy. Everyone is groping forward." At this stage, the owners who own the power station have gradually realized the importance of operation and maintenance and the convenience brought by the external committee of the power station. Each of them has also established an operation and maintenance company to enter the operation and maintenance market. Chen Shuming further analyzed that in the process of gradual and orderly market regulation, there will inevitably be a certain period of chaos. The process of confusion is also a process of exposing problems and laying the foundation for the next phase of ordering. In the process, only the real focus Yu Yunwei's enterprises will survive, industry-related standards will be gradually regulated in the process of confusion, he believes that having a unified operation and maintenance standards is the cornerstone of the orderly operation and maintenance of the market, everyone in the same platform, A hundred schools of thought can really promote the development of the industry. In terms of standards, there is no mandatory requirement in the current operation and maintenance industry. In the construction phase, there will be construction qualifications, and there will be design qualifications when the power station is built, but there is no operation and maintenance qualification for the operation and maintenance. What should be included in that qualification? Qualifications such as qualifications and qualifications are still very much needed for standardization and institutionalization. Although each company now has its own corporate standards, it would be better to publish a unified industry standard. For Shanghai Airlines, they believe that the smart cloud platform will be an important direction for operation and maintenance. "According to our observations, the current smart cloud platform is divided into two categories. One is the starting point for the product. If it is originally made as a product, it gradually evolves into a smart cloud platform. This is relatively single and only monitors. Relatively speaking, there is no The support of the line is down. There is also a relatively complete online and offline, like Shanghai Airlines, and one of the advantages of SOEs is that they can well establish an on-line and off-line tacit cooperation with the operation and maintenance service team.†Zhou Jun said. In addition, as a power plant, more and more transactions are required, and the operation and maintenance company needs to have the ability to evaluate the power station. “Our evaluation system is not just to evaluate the current operating status of the power plant, but to focus on the trend of the next ten years or even the entire life cycle. The evaluation system contains hundreds of indicators (partly innovative evaluation indicators and assessment methods), mainly It is divided into three categories: safety assessment, quality assessment and performance assessment, as well as the overall performance, equipment, economics, and reliability dimensions of the power station, Liu Chenglei said.