I. Project Overview
1.1 Introduction
The greenhouse industry is rapidly expanding, and people's health awareness is increasing. To ensure high-quality agricultural products, greenhouses must provide an optimal growth environment for plants. This paper presents a multi-functional intelligent monitoring system for solar-powered agricultural greenhouses based on GSM technology. The system uses solar energy to power the microcontroller, sets the ideal environmental parameters for different crops, and continuously monitors temperature, humidity, and light levels in real time. These values are displayed on an LCD module. If the measured values deviate from the set parameters, the alarm system is triggered, and alerts are sent to the greenhouse manager via the GSM module. The system can also automatically perform actions such as turning lights on or off, opening doors, watering, and adjusting blinds. This project has great potential to revolutionize future greenhouse management by improving efficiency and crop quality.
1.2 Project Background / Motivation
Over the past two decades, China has made significant investments in agricultural development, with greenhouses being one of the most important projects. As a modern agricultural technique, greenhouses have broken through traditional limitations imposed by climate, region, and natural conditions, significantly boosting agricultural output. However, with rising living standards, people are now more concerned about the quality of agricultural products. Unfortunately, current greenhouse management still relies heavily on manual experience or basic single-parameter control systems, which lack precision and automation. This results in inefficiencies and suboptimal growing conditions for crops. Light, temperature, and humidity are the three most critical factors in plant growth, and an intelligent monitoring system is essential to achieve efficient and automated production. By collecting, analyzing, and processing data, the system can trigger alarms and perform intelligent control, ensuring that crops grow in their ideal environment.
II. Demand Analysis
2.1 Functional Requirements
The system is powered by solar energy, allowing it to operate independently and sustainably. It enables users to set specific light, temperature, and humidity levels required for various types of crops. Real-time environmental data is collected and displayed on an LCD screen. If any parameter exceeds or falls below the set range, the system automatically triggers an alarm and performs necessary actions such as turning on lights, opening doors, watering, or adjusting roller blinds. Additionally, the system sends alert messages to the greenhouse manager via the GSM module. This system is suitable for both large-scale greenhouse farming and small-scale cultivation of special plants. The system architecture is illustrated in Figure 2.1:
Figure 2.1 System Architecture
2.2 Performance Requirements
The system is powered by solar energy, with a humidity measurement range of 20% to 90% RH and a temperature measurement range of 0°C to +50°C. It supports signal transmission over distances exceeding 20 meters, and all collected data is displayed on the LCD. The microcontroller (MCU) controls the GSM module to send parameter updates to the manager in real time.
III. Program Design
3.1 System Function Realization Principle
As shown in the following figure, the system consists of several key modules: a solar power supply module, sensor module (including illuminance, temperature, and humidity sensors), GSM module, intelligent control module (for switching lights, opening doors, irrigation, and controlling roller blinds), a keyboard module, and an LCD display module. The system hardware block diagram is presented in Figure 3.1:
Figure 3.1 System hardware block diagram
3.1.1 Solar Power Supply Module
Solar energy is a clean, renewable, and increasingly popular energy source used in many aspects of daily life and work. One of its primary applications is converting sunlight into electricity using solar cells. This system employs 5W polycrystalline silicon solar panels produced by Shenzhen Wanjiahao Solar Energy Co., Ltd., which have a maximum voltage of 18V and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of approximately 12%. Compared to monocrystalline silicon panels, polycrystalline silicon is more cost-effective, easier to manufacture, and consumes less energy during production, making it a widely adopted solution in the market.
3.1.2 Sensor Module
Illuminance Sensor: Light is a crucial factor in plant growth. In facility agriculture, illuminance detection has become a key area of research. Most existing systems use silicon photovoltaic cells for illumination detection, but photodiodes offer better performance. They have a wide bandwidth, low cost, and a linear relationship between photocurrent and illuminance, making them ideal for applications like optical isolators and data transmission. The system utilizes this property to design a simple and effective illuminance detection circuit.
Temperature and Humidity Sensor: Temperature and humidity are vital for crop growth. This system uses the DHT11 digital sensor, which provides accurate readings and is calibrated in a highly precise humidity chamber. The sensor includes a resistive humidity sensor and an NTC temperature sensor connected to a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. It offers fast response times, strong anti-interference capabilities, and excellent cost-performance. Its compact size and low power consumption make it ideal for various greenhouse applications.
3.1.3 GSM Module
Single Type F Wall Outlet For Power,Single Type F Wall Outlet Dimensions,Single Type F Wall Outlet Black And White,Single Type F Wall Outlet Black
Yang Guang Auli Electronic Appliances Co., Ltd. , https://www.ygpowerstrips.com