As the price of competitive products decreases and the demand for product differentiation increases, it becomes more and more difficult to survive in the industrial market. At the same time, the safety standards are not relaxed, which requires more industrial applications to use galvanic isolation, which will adversely affect the optocoupler. These adverse effects can lead to an increase in these factors: size, power consumption, board, component count, and cost.
How do design engineers weigh conflicting requirements against harmful pulses and surges, design complexity, and cost while maximizing time to market to remain competitive? You can easily attach a set of optocouplers to an existing receiver, but doing so means increased cost, design complexity, component count, and board space. Search for "Isolated RS-485", "Isolated RS-232", "Isolated CAN", "Isolated I2"
C" or "Isolated USB" can find a whole host of fully integrated solutions based on digital isolation technology - isolation and integration of transceivers in a single package. Some even integrate isolated power supplies in the package, further reducing the system Size and cost. Only digital isolators can achieve such a complete span solution, which means they don't consume too much power, so they can adapt to the current power budget without redesigning. However, note that for basic isolation and / or enhanced isolation, not all listed "isolated" solutions meet stringent UL, CSA and VDE requirements.
Designers of these fully integrated solutions will be considered heroes by the purchasing manager. After all, the purchasing manager would say, “Just use what we bought before. I don’t care if it will increase costs.â€
Figure 1 shows the different ways to isolate the I2C bus. Figure 1A shows an implementation using an I2C buffer and four optocouplers. Figure 1B shows an implementation using a single IC. Figure 2 shows a similar example of isolated RS-485. The single-chip IC approach clearly matches the purchasing manager's wishes: one device is cheaper than two. Given the limited space, we don't need to list the significant differences between using discrete components to isolate USB and using a single-chip isolated USB IC!
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